Simple Prepositions

In italiano ci sono molte preposizioni che servono per formare i diversi complementi di luogo, di tempo, di termine, di specificazione, ecc. DI: Serve per formare il complemento di specificazione. Il libro di Paolo. A: Serve per formare il complemento di moto a luogo o anche il complemento di termine. Vado a scuola. Dillo a Claudia. DA: Serve per formare il complemento di moto da luogo. […]

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Hypothetical phrases in Italian

There are three kinds of hypothetical phrases: della realtà (Real) We use this form when if something happens, something else will certainly happen. Se fa bel tempo, vado a correre. (If it’s a nice day I’ll go for a run.) Se vinco un milione di euro, mi ritiro a vita privata. (If I win a million dollars, I’ll live a […]

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Italian Passato Remoto

The passato remoto is used to indicate: an action which happened a long time ago and has completely finished. The formation of this tense is different from verb to verb, since the root is generally different from that of the present. Examples: La Rivoluzione Francese segnò profondamente la Francia. (The French Revolution made a deep impression on France.) Azzurra si […]

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Italian Passato Prossimo Tense

The passato prossimo tense is used in the following situations: an action which took place a short time ago. an action which took place some time ago and the results of the action can still be felt in the present an experience in your life an action which has finished but the time period (e.g. this year , this week, […]

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Italian Participles

The participle is an impersonal form. There are two forms, the present participle and the past participle. The present participle is used as: a noun (e.g. insegnante), an adjective (e.g. pesante), occasionally as an adverb (e.g. mediante). For regular verbs it is formed in the following way: amare = amante credere = credente dormire = dormiente The past participle is […]

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Italian Pronominal Particle Si

SI is a pronominal particle which serves as a pronoun. It has various uses. Si riflessivo La particella SI la usiamo per formare i verbi riflessivi. Esistono diversi tipi di verbi riflessivi e dunque diverse funzioni della particella SI: riflessivo diretto: il SI coincide con il soggetto e svolge la funzione di complemento diretto (oggetto). Es. Claudia si veste. (Chi […]

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Italian Pronominal Particle Ne

NE is a pronominal particle which serves as a pronoun and has various uses. It can be used as: Pronome personale indiretto: di lui, di lei, di loro, da lui, da lei, da loro. È da tanto tempo che non vedo Enrica e Gianni: non ne so niente. di loro Non ho visto il film, ma ne ho sentito parlare bene. del film Da questa […]

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Italian Pronominal Particle Ci

CI is a pronominal particle which serves as a pronoun. It has various uses: Sostituisce il pronome personale diretto noi (anche nei verbi riflessivi) Luca ha visto Maria e me (noi) al cinema ieri. → Luca ci ha visto al cinema ieri. Ci vediamo domani! (Verbo riflessivo: io vedo te, tu vedi me = ci vediamo) Sostituisce il pronome personale indiretto a noi Carla […]

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Informal letters in Italian

Informal letters are sent to family, friends and people who we know quite well. Example of an informal letter: Place and date Cagliari, 20 dicembre 2007 Recipient Caro Stefano, Introduction Riesco a scriverti solo adesso perché sono stato molto impegnato sia per gli allenamenti di basket sia per la scuola. B O D Y Purpose Ora però non posso più […]

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Formal letters in Italian

Formal letters are used for matters of work and business. Often we don’t know who we are writing to. We could write to, for example: a public body a business department the manager of a company the head of a university department a freelance professional Because we don’t know the person, the language used is formal and we always use […]

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Italian Imperfect Tense

This tense is used to indicate: a continuous action in the past Examples: Il telefono squillava ininterrottamente. (The telephone was ringing all the time.) Due anni fa andavo in palestra ogni tre giorni. (Two years ago I went to the gym every three days.) Prendevamo il treno ogni mattina alle 6:00. (We took the train every morning at 6 am.) or a […]

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Imperative form of irregular verbs

Some verbs are irregular in the direct imperative form: Essere (to be) Sii (tu) Siate (voi) Avere (to have) Abbi (tu) Abbiate (voi) Sapere (to know) Sappi (tu) Sappiate (voi) Other irregular imperative and monosyllabic verbs have two forms in the 2nd person singular: Dare (to give) Da’/ Dai (tu) Fare (to do/make) Fa’/ Fai (tu) Stare (to stay) Sta’/ Stai […]

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Imperative in Italian

The imperative is used to give orders or commands and corresponds with the present indicative. Es: Sii buono! (Be good!) Fai il bravo! (Behave!) Non dirlo a nessuno! (Don’t tell anyone!) Di la verità! (Tell the truth!) Abbiate pazienza! (Be patient!) Fate piano! (Take your time!) Mangia tutto! (Eat everything!) Dormite! (Sleep!) Leggete da pag. 1 a pag. 20! (Read from page 1 to page 20!) […]

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The Gerund

The gerund is used to talk about: something happening now or at a certain time in the past something which happened in the past at the same time as another action It is formed from the root of the present simple + –ando or –endo, depending on the conjugation It can have two tenses: Present Mangiando una mela mi cadde un […]

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Italian Future Perfect Tense

The Italian future perfect tense is used in the following situations: Actions which will have already finished before another action takes place in the future (for which action we generally use the future simple). Example: Quando avrò finito di fare la doccia, uscirò. When I have finished my shower, I’ll go out.   To show uncertainty about whether something happened or not. […]

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